What is the primary difference between a mutual insurance company and a stock insurance company?

The primary difference between a mutual insurance company and a stock insurance company lies in ownership structure. A stock insurance company is owned by its shareholders, who can buy and sell shares of the company on the stock market. This aligns with the broader concept of corporate governance, where the shareholders have a financial stake in the company’s profitability and decision-making.

In contrast, a mutual insurance company is owned by its policyholders. This structure means that the company is focused on serving the interests of its members rather than generating profits for external shareholders. Policyholders typically receive benefits, such as dividends or reduced premiums, based on the company's performance, reflecting the cooperative nature of mutual organizations.

Understanding this distinction helps clarify the fundamental operational philosophy behind each type of insurance company—stock companies prioritize shareholder profits, while mutual companies concentrate on providing value to their policyholders.